Colonoscopy lets the physician look inside your entire large intestine, from the lowest part, the rectum, all the way up through the colon to the lower end of the small intestine. The procedure is used to diagnose the causes of unexplained changes in bowel habits. It is also used to look for early signs of cancer in the colon and rectum. Colonoscopy enables the physician to see inflamed tissue, abnormal growths, ulcers, bleeding, and muscle spasms.
For the procedure, you will lie on your left side on the
examining table. You will probably be given pain medication and a mild sedative
to keep you comfortable and to help you relax during the exam. The physician
will insert a long, flexible, lighted tube into your rectum and slowly guide it
into your colon. The tube is called a colonoscope (koh-LON-oh-skope). The scope
transmits an image of the inside of the colon, so the physician can carefully
examine the lining of the colon. The scope bends, so the physician can move it
around the curves of your colon. You may be asked to change position
occasionally to help the physician move the scope. The scope also blows air
into your colon, which inflates the colon and helps the physician see
better.
